求一篇外文及中文翻译。。。5000字。

最新问答

• 我可不是吃素的

  离合器位于发动机与变速器之间，是发动机与变速器动力传递的“开关”，它是一种既能传递动力，又能切断动力的传动机构。它的作用主要是保证能平稳起步，变速换
  双离合变速箱(DCT)
  挡时减轻变速齿的冲击载荷并防止传动系过载。在一般上，换档时通过离合器分离与接合实现，在分离与接合之间就有动力传递暂时中断的现象。这在普通上没有什么影响，但在争分夺秒的赛车上，如果离合器掌握不好动力跟不上，车速就会变慢，影响成绩。
  为了解决这个问题，早在上世纪80年代，工程界就弄出了一个双离合系统变速器，简称DSG（英文全称：Direct Shift Gearbox），装配在赛车上，能消除换档离合时的动力传递停滞现象。例如 布加迪EBl6.4 Veyron的新型7速变速器是装置了双离合器，从一个档位换到另一个档位，时间不会超过0.2秒。现在，这种双离合器已经从赛车应用到一般跑车上。奥迪公司的新型奥迪TT跑车和新奥迪A3都已经装置了这种DSG。这些装配DSG的目的是可以比自动变速器更加平顺地换档，不会有迟滞现象。
  编辑本段
  结构
  
  双离合变速箱（DCT）也称直接换挡变速箱（DSG）。算下来它也有近70年的历史，但很长一段时间内这种变速箱并不为人所知，而真正应用在量产车上也是不久以前的事情。双离合变速箱优势很明显，但其内部结构相比下非常复杂。首先它有两组离合器分别由控制并由液压系统推动，而两组离合器分别对应两组行星齿，这样传动轴也相应复杂的被分为两部分，中心的实心传动轴负责一组齿，而空心传动轴负责另一组。可见双离合的内部构造几乎彻底颠覆了传统的变速箱形式。
  双离合变速箱的工作原理可以简单理解为一个离合器对应奇数挡，另一离合器对应偶数挡。当车辆挂入一个挡位时，另一个离合器及对应的下一个挡位已经位于预备状态，只要当
  双离合变速箱(DCT)
  前挡位分离就可以立刻接合下一个挡位，因此双离合变速箱的换挡速度要比一般的自动变速箱甚至手动变速箱还快。此外双离合变速箱虽然内部复杂，但实际体积和重量相比自动变速箱而言并没有比手动变速箱增加多少，因此装备双离合变速箱的车型不会为自己平添过多的负担。
  目前国内在的装备双离合变速箱的车型屈指可数，具代表性的是大众旗下的迈腾、GTI、EOS以及尚酷，而装备双离合变速箱的速腾及朗逸也会在不久的将来上市。此外沃尔沃S40也有双离合版本。而保时捷的众多车型也都采用了双离合变速箱。
  奥迪这种双离合系统变速器是一个整体，有6个档位，离合器与变速器装配在同一机构内，两个离合器互相配合工作。这好比喻一辆车有两套离合器，正司机控制一套，副司机控制另一套。正司机挂上1档松开离合踏板起步时，这时副司机也预先挂上2档但踩住离合踏板；当车速上来准备换档，正司机踩住离合踏板的同时副司机即松开离合踏板，2档开始工作。这样就省略了档位空置的一刹那，动力传递连续，有点象接力赛。双离合系统两套离合器传动系统，通过电脑控制协调工作。
  当正常行驶的时候，一个离合器与变速器中某一档位相连，将发动机动力传递到驱动；电脑根据速度和转速对驾驶者的换档意图做出判断，预见性地控制另一个离合器与另一个档位的齿组相连，但仅处于准备状态，尚未与发动机动力相连。换档时第1个离合器断开，同时第2个离合器将所相连的齿组与发动机接合。除了空档之外，一个离合器处于关闭状态，另一个离合器则处于打开状态。
  两根传动轴分别由第一、第二离合器控制与发动机动力的连接与断开，分别负责1、3、5档和2、4、6档的档位变换。考虑到零件使用寿命，设计人员选择了油槽膜片式离合器，离合器动作由液压系统来控制。
  DSG变速器有什么优势呢？DSG变速器主要是要满足消费者对驾驶感觉和车辆节油的双重要求，为喜欢手动变速器的驾驶者了最佳选择。配备了DSG的发动机由于快速的齿转换能够马上产生牵引力和更大的灵活性，加速时间比手动变速器更加迅捷。
  编辑本段
  优点
  
  动力传输连贯 效率较高
  编辑本段
  缺点
  
  结构复杂 现阶段成本较高
  
  翻译：
  
  The clutch is located in engine and transmission ween engine and transmission power transfer "switch", it is a kind already can transmit power, and can cut off power transmission mechanism. Its major functions is to guarantee the car can smooth start, variable speed change
  Double on-off gearbox (DCT)
  Block transmission gears when reduce the impact load and prevent transmission overload. In general bus, auto shift by clutch separation and joints when, in separation and realize ween mating have power transfer temporary interruption phenomenon. In the ordinary bus no effect, but the clock in your car, if the clutch master bad power behind the speed will slow, affect scores.
  In order to solve this problem, the early 1980s, the automotive engineering will make a double clutch system transmission, abbreviation vehicles.the (English name: Direct Shift Gearbox), assembly on the car, can eliminate shifting clutch of power transfer stagnation phenomenon. For example BuJiaDi EBl6.4 Veyron new 7 speed transmission is the device for double clutch, from a gear change to another gear, time can't exceed 0.2 seconds. Now, the double clutch has been applied to general from racing cars. Audi car company's new audi TT sports car and the new audi A3 have device the vehicles.the. These car assembly vehicles.the purpose is can more smoothly than automatic transmission gear shift, won't have hysteresis phenomenon.
  Editor this section
  structure
  
  Double on-off gearbox (DCT) also called directly shift gearbox (vehicles.the). Count down it also has the nearly 70 years of history, but for a very long time and this gearbox are unknown, and the genuine used in mass production car is not long ago things. Double on-off gearbox advantages obviously, but its internal structure by comparison is very complicated. First of all it has two clutches respectively by electronic control and push by hydraulic system, and two clutches corresponding two groups of planetary gear transmission, so also corresponding complex is divided into two parts, the center of solid shaft is responsible for a set of gear, and hollow shaft responsible for another group. Visible double re-rotating the internal structure of the almost overturned thoroughly traditional gearbox form.
  The working principle of double on-off gearbox can be simple understanding for a clutch corresponding odd block, another clutch corresponding even block. When the vehicle hangs in a block, another clutch and corresponding next shift has been located in preparation condition, when
  Double on-off gearbox (DCT)
  Former gears separation is immediately jointing next shift gearbox, accordingly double on-off shift speed than the average gearbox even manual gearbox faster. Besides double on-off gearbox although internal complex, but the actual volume and weight compared with automatic transmission character and not how much more than manual gearbox, therefore equipment double on-off gearbox models not smooth too burdensome for himself.
  At present domestic in the sale equipment double on-off gearbox models numbered, representative is public its Wallace GTI, EOS leaps, and still cool and equipped with double on-off gearbox soar team and loungyee will also listed in the near future. In addition S40 also have double Volvo re-rotating version. And many of the cars are porsche adopted dual on-off gearbox.
  Audi the double clutch system transmission is a whole, there have been six gear, clutch and transmission assembly at the same facility, two clutch cooperate each other work. This good metaphor a car had two sets of clutch, are driver control a set, vice driver control another set. Are the driver hang 1 file loosen clutch pedal started, the deputy drivers advance hang pot 2 but trample clutch pedal, When the speed up ready to shift and are driver trample clutch pedal while vice driver namely loosen clutch pedal, second gear began to work. Thus omitted rotary-switching empty flash, continuous power transfer, and a bit like the relay race. Double clutch system two sets of clutch transmission system, through computer control coordination work.
  When the automobile driving in a normal, a clutch and transmission of a gear are linked together, the engine power transfer to the drive wheels, Computer based on the speed and speed for driver shifting intention judgement, foresight to control another clutch with another gear gears connected, but only is in the ready state, has not yet connected with engine power. Shift when first clutch disconnect, at the same time the first 2 clutch will have connected gears and engine joint. Besides, a clutch except gap is closed, another clutch is in the open.
  Two root transmission shaft respectively by first and second clutch to control and engine power connection and disconnected, are respectively responsible for 1, 3, 5 files and 2, 4 and 6 shifting gear transform. Considering the parts service life, the designer chose tanker diaphragm type clutch, clutch action by the hydraulic system to control.
  What's the advantage of vehicles.the transmission? Vehicles.the transmission is mainly to consumer demand for driving sensation and vehicle fuel-efficient double request, for manual transmission drivers like provides the best choice. Equipped with vehicles.the engine because of fast gear conversion can arise immediately traction and greater flexibility, acceleration time than manual transmission more quick.
  Edit this paragraph
  advantages
  
  Power transmission coherent with higher efficiency
  Editor this section
  faults
  
  Complex structure present manufacturing cost is higher

  浏览 322赞 112时间 2022-07-14
• CENGUODIAN13247606080

  离合器位于发动机与变速器之间，是发动机与变速器动力传递的“开关”，它是一种既能传递动力，又能切断动力的传动机构。它的作用主要是保证能平稳起步，变速换
  双离合变速箱(DCT)
  挡时减轻变速齿的冲击载荷并防止传动系过载。在一般上，换档时通过离合器分离与接合实现，在分离与接合之间就有动力传递暂时中断的现象。这在普通上没有什么影响，但在争分夺秒的赛车上，如果离合器掌握不好动力跟不上，车速就会变慢，影响成绩。
  为了解决这个问题，早在上世纪80年代，工程界就弄出了一个双离合系统变速器，简称DSG（英文全称：Direct Shift Gearbox），装配在赛车上，能消除换档离合时的动力传递停滞现象。例如 布加迪EBl6.4 Veyron的新型7速变速器是装置了双离合器，从一个档位换到另一个档位，时间不会超过0.2秒。现在，这种双离合器已经从赛车应用到一般跑车上。奥迪公司的新型奥迪TT跑车和新奥迪A3都已经装置了这种DSG。这些装配DSG的目的是可以比自动变速器更加平顺地换档，不会有迟滞现象。
  编辑本段
  结构
  
  双离合变速箱（DCT）也称直接换挡变速箱（DSG）。算下来它也有近70年的历史，但很长一段时间内这种变速箱并不为人所知，而真正应用在量产车上也是不久以前的事情。双离合变速箱优势很明显，但其内部结构相比下非常复杂。首先它有两组离合器分别由控制并由液压系统推动，而两组离合器分别对应两组行星齿，这样传动轴也相应复杂的被分为两部分，中心的实心传动轴负责一组齿，而空心传动轴负责另一组。可见双离合的内部构造几乎彻底颠覆了传统的变速箱形式。
  双离合变速箱的工作原理可以简单理解为一个离合器对应奇数挡，另一离合器对应偶数挡。当车辆挂入一个挡位时，另一个离合器及对应的下一个挡位已经位于预备状态，只要当
  双离合变速箱(DCT)
  前挡位分离就可以立刻接合下一个挡位，因此双离合变速箱的换挡速度要比一般的自动变速箱甚至手动变速箱还快。此外双离合变速箱虽然内部复杂，但实际体积和重量相比自动变速箱而言并没有比手动变速箱增加多少，因此装备双离合变速箱的车型不会为自己平添过多的负担。
  目前国内在的装备双离合变速箱的车型屈指可数，具代表性的是大众旗下的迈腾、GTI、EOS以及尚酷，而装备双离合变速箱的速腾及朗逸也会在不久的将来上市。此外沃尔沃S40也有双离合版本。而保时捷的众多车型也都采用了双离合变速箱。
  奥迪这种双离合系统变速器是一个整体，有6个档位，离合器与变速器装配在同一机构内，两个离合器互相配合工作。这好比喻一辆车有两套离合器，正司机控制一套，副司机控制另一套。正司机挂上1档松开离合踏板起步时，这时副司机也预先挂上2档但踩住离合踏板；当车速上来准备换档，正司机踩住离合踏板的同时副司机即松开离合踏板，2档开始工作。这样就省略了档位空置的一刹那，动力传递连续，有点象接力赛。双离合系统两套离合器传动系统，通过电脑控制协调工作。
  当正常行驶的时候，一个离合器与变速器中某一档位相连，将发动机动力传递到驱动；电脑根据速度和转速对驾驶者的换档意图做出判断，预见性地控制另一个离合器与另一个档位的齿组相连，但仅处于准备状态，尚未与发动机动力相连。换档时第1个离合器断开，同时第2个离合器将所相连的齿组与发动机接合。除了空档之外，一个离合器处于关闭状态，另一个离合器则处于打开状态。
  两根传动轴分别由第一、第二离合器控制与发动机动力的连接与断开，分别负责1、3、5档和2、4、6档的档位变换。考虑到零件使用寿命，设计人员选择了油槽膜片式离合器，离合器动作由液压系统来控制。
  DSG变速器有什么优势呢？DSG变速器主要是要满足消费者对驾驶感觉和车辆节油的双重要求，为喜欢手动变速器的驾驶者了最佳选择。配备了DSG的发动机由于快速的齿转换能够马上产生牵引力和更大的灵活性，加速时间比手动变速器更加迅捷。
  编辑本段
  优点
  
  动力传输连贯 效率较
  
  缺点 结构复杂 现阶段成本较高
  
  英文
  
  The clutch is located in engine and transmission ween engine and transmission power transfer "switch", it is a kind already can transmit power, and can cut off power transmission mechanism. Its major functions is to guarantee the car can smooth start, variable speed change
  Double on-off gearbox (DCT)
  Block transmission gears when reduce the impact load and prevent transmission overload. In general bus, auto shift by clutch separation and joints when, in separation and realize ween mating have power transfer temporary interruption phenomenon. In the ordinary bus no effect, but the clock in your car, if the clutch master bad power behind the speed will slow, affect scores.
  In order to solve this problem, the early 1980s, the automotive engineering will make a double clutch system transmission, abbreviation vehicles.the (English name: Direct Shift Gearbox), assembly on the car, can eliminate shifting clutch of power transfer stagnation phenomenon. For example BuJiaDi EBl6.4 Veyron new 7 speed transmission is the device for double clutch, from a gear change to another gear, time can't exceed 0.2 seconds. Now, the double clutch has been applied to general from racing cars. Audi car company's new audi TT sports car and the new audi A3 have device the vehicles.the. These car assembly vehicles.the purpose is can more smoothly than automatic transmission gear shift, won't have hysteresis phenomenon.
  Editor this section
  structure
  
  Double on-off gearbox (DCT) also called directly shift gearbox (vehicles.the). Count down it also has the nearly 70 years of history, but for a very long time and this gearbox are unknown, and the genuine used in mass production car is not long ago things. Double on-off gearbox advantages obviously, but its internal structure by comparison is very complicated. First of all it has two clutches respectively by electronic control and push by hydraulic system, and two clutches corresponding two groups of planetary gear transmission, so also corresponding complex is divided into two parts, the center of solid shaft is responsible for a set of gear, and hollow shaft responsible for another group. Visible double re-rotating the internal structure of the almost overturned thoroughly traditional gearbox form.
  The working principle of double on-off gearbox can be simple understanding for a clutch corresponding odd block, another clutch corresponding even block. When the vehicle hangs in a block, another clutch and corresponding next shift has been located in preparation condition, when
  Double on-off gearbox (DCT)
  Former gears separation is immediately jointing next shift gearbox, accordingly double on-off shift speed than the average gearbox even manual gearbox faster. Besides double on-off gearbox although internal complex, but the actual volume and weight compared with automatic transmission character and not how much more than manual gearbox, therefore equipment double on-off gearbox models not smooth too burdensome for himself.
  At present domestic in the sale equipment double on-off gearbox models numbered, representative is public its Wallace GTI, EOS leaps, and still cool and equipped with double on-off gearbox soar team and loungyee will also listed in the near future. In addition S40 also have double Volvo re-rotating version. And many of the cars are porsche adopted dual on-off gearbox.
  Audi the double clutch system transmission is a whole, there have been six gear, clutch and transmission assembly at the same facility, two clutch cooperate each other work. This good metaphor a car had two sets of clutch, are driver control a set, vice driver control another set. Are the driver hang 1 file loosen clutch pedal started, the deputy drivers advance hang pot 2 but trample clutch pedal, When the speed up ready to shift and are driver trample clutch pedal while vice driver namely loosen clutch pedal, second gear began to work. Thus omitted rotary-switching empty flash, continuous power transfer, and a bit like the relay race. Double clutch system two sets of clutch transmission system, through computer control coordination work.
  When the automobile driving in a normal, a clutch and transmission of a gear are linked together, the engine power transfer to the drive wheels, Computer based on the speed and speed for driver shifting intention judgement, foresight to control another clutch with another gear gears connected, but only is in the ready state, has not yet connected with engine power. Shift when first clutch disconnect, at the same time the first 2 clutch will have connected gears and engine joint. Besides, a clutch except gap is closed, another clutch is in the open.
  Two root transmission shaft respectively by first and second clutch to control and engine power connection and disconnected, are respectively responsible for 1, 3, 5 files and 2, 4 and 6 shifting gear transform. Considering the parts service life, the designer chose tanker diaphragm type clutch, clutch action by the hydraulic system to control.
  What's the advantage of vehicles.the transmission? Vehicles.the transmission is mainly to consumer demand for driving sensation and vehicle fuel-efficient double request, for manual transmission drivers like provides the best choice. Equipped with vehicles.the engine because of fast gear conversion can arise immediately traction and greater flexibility, acceleration time than manual transmission more quick.
  Edit this paragraph
  advantages
  
  Power transmission coherent with higher efficiency
  Editor this section
  faults

  浏览 385赞 151时间 2022-06-11
• virgoleegoon

  我要告诉你的是,不会在网上公布的,我见过求的很多,在百度知道上从未有过成功的,教育部一定也下发了相关规定的 自己动手,克服惰性,绝不会有的,如果有,对你的同学不就不公平了吗,不,对你不公平,你少做了,送你一个字--勤 愿你学习道路一帆风顺,希望我的回答能给你带来帮助,认真做吧对我有帮助！

  浏览 196赞 64时间 2021-10-01