英文介绍石材

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• 李晓锦Baby

  [编辑本段]中文名：石材
  
  英文名：Stone
  作为一种高档建筑装饰材料的石材，多数人对可用于装饰的石材的种类、性能都不甚了了。目前市场上常见的石材主要有大理石、花岗岩、水磨石、石四种，其中，大理石中又以汉白玉为上品；花岗岩比大理石坚硬；水磨石是以水泥、混凝土等原料锻压而成；石是以天然石的碎石为原料，加上粘合剂等经加压、抛光而成。后两者因为是人工制成，所以强度没有天然石材高。
  一、天然饰面石材除需考虑
  色调选择外，还要考虑建筑物的功能。在家居中，客厅及卧室的装饰宜选用偏暖的色调，以显示温暖、舒适的情调；而用于卫生间、厨房的装饰宜选用素淡雅洁的偏冷色调，以显示出清洁卫生。
  二、装饰的意图与环境影响 由于使用天然饰面石材装饰的部位不同，所以选用的石材类型也不同。用于室外建筑物装饰时，需经受水期风雨淋日晒，花岗石因为不含有碳盐，吸水率小，抗风化能力强，最好选用各种类型的花岗石石材；用于厅堂地面装饰的饰面石材，要求其物理化学性能稳定，机械强度高，应首选花岗石类石材；用于墙裙及家居卧室地面的装饰，机械强度稍差，宜选用具有美丽图案的大理石。
  豪野洞石三、如何辨识饰面石材质量 好的成品饰面石材，其质量好坏不可以从以下四方面来鉴别；
  ⑴观，即眼观察石材的表面结构。一般说来，均匀的细料结构的石材具有细腻的质感，为石材之佳品；粗粒及不等粒结构的石材其外观效果较差，机械力学性能也不均匀，质量稍差。另外，天然石材由于地质作用的影响常在其中产生一些细脉、微裂隙，石材最易沿这些部位发生破裂，应注意剔除。至于缺棱少角更是影响美观，选择时尤应注意。
  ⑵量，即量石材的尺寸规格，以免影响拼接，或造成拼接后的图案、花纹、线条变形，影响装饰效果。
  ⑶听，即听石材的敲击声音。一般而言，质量好的，内部致密均匀且无显微裂隙的石材，其敲击声清脆悦耳；相反，若石材内部存在显微裂隙或细脉或因风化导致颗粒间接触变松，则敲击声粗哑。
  豪野超白洞石⑷试，即用简单的试验方法来检验石材质量好坏。通常在石材的背面滴上一小滴墨水，如墨水很快四处分散浸出，即表示石材内部颗粒较松或存在显微裂隙，石材质量不好；反之，若墨水滴在原处不动，则说明石材致密质地好。
  介绍天然石材的几种特性
  1．耐火性
  各种石材皆不同，有些石材在高温作用下，发生化学分解。
  （1）石膏：在大于 107 C时分解。
  （2）石灰石、大理石：在大于 910 c时分解。
  （3）花岗石：在 600 C时因组成矿物受热不均而裂开。
  2．膨胀及收缩
  石材也是热胀冷缩，但若受热后再冷却，其收缩不能回复至原来体积，而必保留一部份成为永久性膨胀；美国兵工厂曾试验由00C至 1000C，再降到00C，测出永久膨胀增加之度为0.02—O.045%。
  3．耐冻性
  到摄氏零下 20时，发生冻结，孔隙内水份膨胀比原有体积大1/10，岩石若不能抵抗此种膨胀所发生之力，便会出现破坏现象。一般若吸水率小于 0.5%，就不考虑其抗冻性能。
  4．抗压强度
  石材的抗压强度会因矿物成份、结晶粗细、胶结物质的均匀性、荷重面积、荷重作用与解理所成角度等因素，而有所不同。若其他条件相同，通常结晶颗粒细小而彼此粘结一起的致密材料，具有较高强度。致密的火山岩在干燥及饱和水份后，抗压强度并无差异（吸水率极低），若属多孔性及怕水之胶结岩石，其干燥及潮湿之强度，就有显著差别。
  建筑装饰用石材有天然石材和人造石材两大类，并以天然石材为主，它是一种高级的装饰材料，主要用于装饰等级要求高的工 程中，人造石材属于较低档次的装饰材料，只用于中、低档的室内 装饰工程中。
  天然石材是指从天然岩体中开采出来的，并经成块状或 板状材料的总称。建筑装饰用的夭然石材主要有花岗石和大理石 两大种。
  所谓大理石是指沉积的或变质的碳盐岩类的岩石，有大理 岩、白云岩、灰岩、砂岩、页岩和板岩等。如我国著名的汉白玉就是 北京房山产的白云岩，云南大理石则是产于大理县的大理岩，著名 的丹东绿则为蛇纹石化硅卡岩。同样，作为石材开采的各类岩浆 岩，如花岗岩、安山岩、辉绿岩、绿长岩、片麻岩等称之为花岗石。如 北京白虎涧的白色花岗石是花岗岩，济南青是辉长岩，而青岛的黑 色花岗石则是辉绿岩。
  人造石材是一种人工的装饰材料。按照所用粘结剂不同， 可分为有机类人造石材和无机类人造石材两类。按其生产工艺过 程的不同，又可分为聚酯型人造大理石、复合型人造大理石、硅 盐型人造大理石、烧结型人造大理石四种类型。
  大理石中有种叫小蓝宝，又称屏南G654。小蓝宝为屏南县路下开发区新开发的一种石材产品．小蓝宝石材内带小蓝晶点又称“蓝星光”。又因神似进口的”树挂冰花”，所以有着国产”树挂冰花”的美名．主要用于外墙、台面、室外广场（火烧板）。是一个建筑装饰的佳品
  豪野米黄洞石四种人造石质装饰材料中，以有机类（聚酯型）最常用，其物 理、化学性能亦最好。 [Edit this section] Chinese name: Stone
  
  English name: Stone
  As a high-grade construction decoration materials, stone, most people can be the type of stone used for decoration, do not understand the performance. Common market on the main stone marble, granite, terrazzo, synthetic stone of four, which they turned white marble for the top grade marble; granite harder than marble; terrazzo are cement, concrete and other raw forging is made; synthetic stone is natural stone gravel as raw material, together with adhesives by the pressure, polishing made. The latter two because they are made manually, so no natural stone with high intensity.
  First, in addition to consideration of natural facing stone colors to choose from, but also the functions of the buildings. In the home, the living room and bedroom decoration should use warm colors to show the warm, comfortable ambience; and for the bathroom, kitchen decoration should use Sudan elegant colder tone to show clean.
  Second, decorative intent and environmental impact due to the use of natural facing stone decorative parts of different, and different types of stone used. Buildings used for outdoor decoration, the need to withstand wind and rain and sun and water on the granite because they do not contain carbonate, absorption of small, wind-based capacity, the best choice of all types of granite stone; use decorative finishes in the living room floor stone, requiring that their physical and chemical properties of stability, high mechanical strength, should be the preferred type granite stone; for dado and home decoration bedroom floor, the mechanical strength somewhat less desirable choice of marble with beautiful patterns .
  Hao Ye-dong Stone Third, how to identify the quality of processed stone veneer stone veneer product, its quality can not identify from the following four aspects;
  ⑴ view, that the surface structure of stone naked eye. Generally speaking, even the fine structure of the stone material has a delicate texture, the stone of high quality goods; coarse and granule structure of the stone look effect of its poor mechanical properties are not uniform, slightly lower quality. In addition, natural stone geological effects of which often have some minor vein, micro-cracks, stone along the most vulnerable parts of rupture should be noted that removed. As for the lack of edge effect is even more beautiful small angle, choose particular attention.
  ⑵ volume, that volume of stone sizes, so as not to affect splicing, or cause post-splicing patterns, pattern, line distortion, affecting decorative effect.
  ⑶ hearing, that hearing the sound stone percussion. In general, good quality, even within the dense and no stone of microfractures, the percussion sound crisp and sweet; the contrary, if the existence of micro cracks within the stone or thin veins or indirectly due to weathering of particles thixotropic loose, then knock banging sound gruff.
  Hao Ye Super White Travertine ⑷ trial, that a simple test to test the quality good or bad stone. Usually in the back of stone on a small drop of ink droplets, such as the ink will soon spread around the leaching, it means that particles inside the loose stone or the existence of microscopic cracks, poor quality stone; the other hand, if the ink drops in the same place without moving, it indicates Stone dense texture.
  Describes several characteristics of natural stone
  1. Fire resistance
  All different kinds of stone, some stone in the high temperature, the occurrence of chemical decomposition.
  (1) Gypsum: In more than 107 C when the decomposition.
  (2), limestone, marble: in more than 910 c when the decomposition.
  (3) granite: 600 C in the mineral composition of heat due to uneven splitting.
  2. Expansion and contraction
  Stone is also the thermal expansion and contraction, but if the heat and then cooling, the contraction can not be restored to its original volume, and will be retained as part of a permanent expansion; the U.S. arsenal has been tested by the 00C to 1000C, then dropped to 00C, measured permanent The degree of swelling increased 0.02-O.045%.
  3. Freezing tolerance
  To minus 20 Celsius, the freezing occurs, expansion of water within the pore volume than the original large 1 / 10, if the rock can not resist the power of this expansion occurred, there will be destruction of the phenomenon. If the water absorption of less than 0.5% generally, do not take into account their frost resistance.
  4. Compressive strength
  The compressive strength of stone because of mineral composition, crystal thickness, cement material uniformity, loading area, loading effects and cleavage angle of the other factors, are different. If other conditions are usually small, crystalline particles bonded with each other dense materials with high strength. Dense volcanic rocks in dry and saturated water, the compressive strength did not differ (very low water absorption), if they are afraid of the water of the porous and cemented rock, the strength of its dry and wet, there are significant differences.
  Decorative stone building with natural stone and artificial stone two categories, mainly from natural stone, it is a high-level decorative materials, mainly used for decorative projects that require high levels, artificial stone decoration materials are low grade only for low-grade interior decoration project.
  Natural stone is mined from natural rock, and also processed into a block or plate material of the general. Architectural decorative yao natural stone granite and marble are mainly two kinds.
  The so-called marble is the deposition of carbonate rocks, or metamorphic rock, marble, dolomite, limestone, sandstone, shale and slate. Such as our famous white marble is dolomite produced in Fangshan, Beijing, Yunnan, Dali marble is produced in the county of marble, the famous Silicon Dandong green card, compared with serpentinized rocks. Similarly, as the various types of magmatic rock stone mining, such as granite, andesite, diabase, green long rock called granite gneiss. If Beijing is the White Tiger Stream granite, white granite, Jinan Green is gabbro, and Qingdao, the black granite is diabase.
  Artificial stone is a synthetic decorative materials. In accordance with the different binders can be divided into organic and inorganic man-made stone artificial stone types. According to their different production process, can be divided into polyester artificial marble, artificial marble compound, silicate-based artificial marble, artificial marble, four types of sintered.
  Marble in a kind of petit Sapphire, also known as Pingnan G654. Small Sapphire Pingnan County Road for the new development zone under a stone product. Within a small timber with a small aquamarine sapphire point, also known as "Blue Star." Imports because of spirit likeness "tree hanging Ice", it has made "tree hanging Ice" name. Mainly used for external walls, countertops, outdoor plaza (fire board). Is an architectural decoration of high quality goods
  Hao Ye beige travertine stone decoration of four man-made materials to organic (polyester type) the most commonly used, its physical and chemical properties are the best.

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