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  Comprehensive approach of power system contingency analysis
  J. Deuse, Member, IEEE, K. Karoui, Member, IEEE, A. Bihain, J. Dubois
  Abstract—Security of supply in power system supposes that the robustness of the system can be guaranteed in case of credible contingencies. This robustness relies on structural redundancy and on security margins. Traditionally, the “N-1” contingency analysis has been used for such check. This methodology leads to the definition of “sizing incidents”, or credible contingencies[1]. The system is said “N-1” secure if it remains within its operating domain for these “sizing incidents”. Today some trends exist for relaxing the application of this criterion. This means that some emergency control actions must be implemented in the system for guaranteeing its security. This asks for their representation in the methodological approach used for evaluating the security of supply. This is not possible with traditional tools.
  Index Terms—Interconnected power system, industrial power system, load flow analysis, power generation control, reactive power control, voltage control, power system dynamic stability, power system transient stability, static VAR compensator.
  I. INTRODUCTION
  T HE continuity of service in developed system is certainly the main concern of system operators. For reaching high level performances, electric sector had, until recently, all necessary means at disposal: rigorous planning of the development of the system, integrated management of generation and transmission, investment capacities in concordance with technical objectives agreed ween the different components of the society. This favorable situation permitted to maintain power system operation at sufficient distances from its physical limits, with few concerns about what could happen if such limits were overtaken. Very deep incidents, quite rare, revealed often some risks attached to particular deterioration mechanisms, which were previously completely ignored by operators.
  Power system unbundling is progressively modifying the conditions for such controlled management of power system security. Indeed, the free access to the interconnected system, bilateral contracts settled ween generating companies and consumers make conditions of operation more and more unforeseeable. The quest for the maximum economical efficacy leads to the use of interconnection capacities far above levels expected when they were built.
  All these changes lead to the operation of the system nearer to their physical or to their stability limits; this increases the risk of transgression of these limits in case of emergencies
  全面的方法的电力系统应急分析
  学者Deuse ，各会员协会，光Karoui ，各会员协会，答： Bihain ，学者杜波依斯
  摘要，的安全性在电力系统的鲁棒性支撑的系统能够得到保障的情况下可靠的紧急情况。这鲁棒性依赖于结构性过剩和安全利润率。传统上， “ N一1 ”应急分析了用于这种检查。这种方法导致的定义， “浆纱” ，或可信意外[ 1 ] 。该系统是说： “ N一1 ”的安全，如果这是在其经营的域名，这些“浆纱” 。今天，一些趋势存在放宽这一标准的应用。这意味着，一些紧急控制行动必须得到执行的制度，保障其安全。这要求他们的代表的方法用来评估的安全性。这是不可能与传统的工具。
  指数条件的互联电力系统，电源系统，负载流量分析，发电控制，无功功率控制，电压控制，电力系统动态稳定，电力系统暂态稳定，静止无功补偿。
  导言
  Ť何连续性的服务，开发的系统当然是主要关注的系统运营商。为达到高水平的表演，电部门，直到最近，一切必要手段处置：严格规划的发展体系，综合管理的发电和输电，投资能力的技术目标一致商定的不同组成部分的社会。这种良好局面允许电力系统运行保持足够的距离，在其物理极限，很少关注可能发生的，如果这种是超越。非常深刻的，相当罕见，显示一定的风险往往重视特别恶化的机制，以前被完全忽略了运营商。
  电力系统分拆正逐步修改的条件，例如控制管理的电力系统安全。事实上，自由进入互联系统，双边之间的合同解决发电公司和消费者提出的运营状况越来越多的不可预见的。追求最大的经济效果导致使用互连能力远高于预期水平时，他们建造。
  所有这些变化导致该系统的运作接近其物理或其稳定极限;这增加了风险侵的这些在紧急情况下

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